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Typeface anatomy describes the graphic elements that make up printed letters in a typeface. The ''strokes'' of a letter are the lines that make it up. Strokes may be ''straight'', as in , or ''curved'', as in . If straight, they may be ''horizontal, vertical,'' or ''diagonal''; if curved, ''open'' or ''closed''. Typographers also speak of an ''instroke,'' where one starts writing the letter, as at the top of , and an ''outstroke,'' where the pen leaves off, as at the bottom of . A main vertical stroke is called a ''stem.'' The letter has three, the left, middle, and right stems. The central stroke of an is called the ''spine.'' A stroke, usually a stem, which rises above the height of an (called the x height) is called an ''ascender''; letters with ascenders are . A stroke which drops below the baseline is a ''descender''. Letters with descenders are . An arching stroke is called a ''shoulder'' or sometimes just an ''arch'', as in . A closed curved stroke is called a ''bowl'' in ; has two bowls. A trailing outstroke, as in is called a ''tail.'' A short horizontal stroke, as in the center of and the middle stroke of , is called a ''bar''. A longer horizontal stroke at the top or bottom, as in , is called an ''arm.'' The bottom of the two-story g is called a ''loop''; the very short stroke at the top is called the ''ear''. each have a ''dot'' or ''tittle''. Angles of strokes are called ''apices'' if at the top and ''vertices'' if at the bottom. has one apex and two vertices; has one vertex. The ''terminals'' (ends) of instrokes and outstrokes often end in serifs in a serif font. A serifed or unserifed terminal may be described as a ''wedge, bulbous, teardrop,'' etc., depending on the design of the type. Some designs also have ''spurs,'' which are smaller than serifs and appear on angles rather than at a terminal, as on or . Areas of negative space (white space) formed by straight or curved strokes are called ''counters''. Closed counters are found in , and open counters in . Angles of white space, as in , are ''corners'' ( has three corners); the term is not used for angles of strokes. The small corner formed by a serif, whether curved or angular, is called the serif ''bracket.'' The font shown in the example is ''stressed'': strokes have varying widths. In this example, the stroke at the top of the g is thinner at the top and bottom than on the sides - a vertical stress. == External links == * (Type Anatomy ) * (Font Anatomy ) ((source )) * eXtreme Type Terminology – (Part 2 ) and (Part 3 ) * (The Anatomy of Type ) (2012, Harper Design) - a book with anatomical analysis of 100 typefaces 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Typeface anatomy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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